Jim Dine

Takes night classes at the Art Academy of Cincinnati.

Attends the College of Applied Arts at the University of Cincinnati and the School of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston.

Transfers to Ohio University in Athens, graduating with a fine arts degree in 1957. 
Continues to study at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston at the same time.

Moves to Patchogue, Long Island, and later to New York City.

Takes part in a group exhibition at Judson Gallery in New York.

With Claes Oldenburg, presents the exhibition Ray Gun at Judson Gallery in New York, which includes Dine&#8217;s first environment, The House. 
Stages his first performance piece, The Smiling Workman, in conjunction with the exhibition. 
Has his first solo exhibition, at Reuben Gallery in New York. 
Takes part in his first museum show, Young Americans at the Andrew Dickson White Museum of Art, Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.

Exhibits at Martha Jackson Gallery in New York and holds his first solo exhibition in Europe, at the Galleria dell&#8217;Ariete in Milan.

Exhibits at the Palais des Beaux-Arts in Brussels.

Takes part in the XXXII Biennale di Venezia.

Teaches as a guest professor at Yale University. 
Works as an artist-in-residence at Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio. The Allen Memorial Art Museum at Oberlin presents an exhibition of his work created during the residency. 
Exhibits at Gian Enzo Sperone in Turin.

Exhibits at the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam. 
Scotland Yard removes a series of Dine&#8217;s works from Robert Fraser Gallery in London on grounds of obscenity.

Works as a visiting critic at Cornell University. 
Moves to London. 
The Museum of Modern Art in New York presents Jim Dine: Designs for a Midsummer Night&#8217;s Dream.

Takes part in Documenta 4 in Kassel, Germany.

Exhibits at the Kunstverein München in Munich and the Kunsthalle Nürnberg in Nuremberg.

The Whitney Museum of American Art in New York organizes a major retrospective exhibition of Dine&#8217;s work. Exhibits at the Galleria Civica d&#8217;Arte Moderna in Turin.

Moves back to the United States, settling in Putney, Vermont. 
The Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam presents a comprehensive exhibition of Dine&#8217;s work that later travels to the Städtische Kunsthalle Düsseldorf and Staatliche Kunsthalle Baden-Baden.

Exhibits at the La Jolla Museum of Contemporary Art in La Jolla, California.

Designs the interior of the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles.

An exhibition of Dine&#8217;s prints from the early 1970s is presented at the Williams College Museum of Art in Williamstown, Massachusetts, and later travels to other museums in the United States.

Participates in Documenta 6 in Kassel, Germany.

The Museum of Modern Art in New York organizes a retrospective of Dine&#8217;s etchings that later travels to other museums in the United States.

Exhibits recent works on paper at Galerie Claude Bernard in Paris. 
An exhibition of Dine&#8217;s drawings opens at the University Art Museum at California State University, Long Beach, and later travels to several other museums in the United States.

Elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

The major retrospective Jim Dine: Five Themes is presented at the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis and later travels to several other museums in the United States.

Moves to New York. Creates a mural for John Nuveen &amp; Co. in Chicago.

Designs the costumes and sets for the Richard Strauss opera Salomé at the Houston Grand Opera. 
A retrospective of Dine&#8217;s graphic work is shown at the Davison Art Center at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut, and later travels to several other museums in the United States.

The Contemporary Arts Center in Cincinnati organizes a retrospective of Dine&#8217;s drawings that later travels to other museums in the United States. 
The Galleria d&#8217;Arte Moderna Ca&#8217; Pesaro in Venice presents a retrospective of Dine&#8217;s drawings, paintings, and sculptures.

The Hakone Open-Air Museum in Hakone, Japan, presents an exhibition of Dine&#8217;s work.

Receives the Pyramid Atlantic Award of Distinction in Washington, D.C.

Teaches at the Internationale Sommerakademie fur Bildende Kunst in Salzburg.

The Savannah College of Art and Design in Savannah, Georgia, presents Jim Dine: The Iconic Object. 
The show Jim Dine: The Body and Its Metaphors travels to several museums in Japan.

Exhibits photographs at Alan Cristea Gallery in London. 
Dine&#8217;s Three Red Spanish Venuses is included in The Guggenheim Museums and the Art of This Century, the inaugural exhibition of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao.

The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York organizes Jim Dine: Walking Memory, 1959–1969, which later travels to the Cincinnati Art Museum.

Participates in the show 2000 ans de creation&#8230; d&#8217;après l&#8217;Antique at the Musée du Louvre in Paris.

The Minneapolis Institute of Arts holds a retrospective of Dine&#8217;s graphic works.

The National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., presents a major exhibition of Dine&#8217;s drawings.

In honor of the dedication of its new sculpture garden, the Armory Art Center in West Palm Beach, Florida, installs an exhibition of ten outdoor sculptures by Dine.

The exhibition Jim Dine: Pinocchio is shown at PaceWildenstein in New York. 
The Musée des Beaux-Arts de Caen in Caen, France, presents the exhibition L&#8217;odyssée de Jim Dine.

The Baltimore Museum of Art in Baltimore presents the exhibition Front Room: Jim Dine. 
Installs a 33-foot-tall bronze sculpture of Pinocchio, commissioned by the city of Borås, Sweden. 
Galerie Daniel Templon in Paris presents two exhibitions devoted to the artist&#8217;s work: Jim Dine: Pinocchio and Jim Dine: Pinocchio Prints.

The Borås Konstmuseum in Borås, Sweden, presents the exhibition Boy in the World (A Memoir): Jim Dine. Dine&#8217;s work is featured inStage Pictures: Drawing for Performance at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and in Made in USA: L&#8217;art américain dans les collections du Centre de la Gravure at the Centre de la Gravure et de l&#8217;Image Imprimée in La Louvière, Belgium.

The Alan Cristea Gallery of London inaugurates Jim Dine: Hearts from New York, Goettingen, and New Delhi. His work is displayed, together with that of other artists, at the Black Cube Gallery in Barcelona; the Galerie Wolfgang Exner and the MUMOK Museum Moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig Wien, both in Vienna; the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte 
Reina Sofía in Madrid; The Pace Gallery in New York; and the Musée Maillol &#8211; Fondation Dina Vierny in Paris.

The Frederik Meijer Gardens &amp; Sculpture Park in Michigan inaugurates a retrospective of Dines sculptures, featuring 20 pieces dating from the 1950s to the present day. Gives a talk about the exhibition at the Park. The Pace Gallery, New York, and the Nagoya/Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Nagoya, Japan, dedicate an exhibition each to the Dine.

Dine’s monumental sculpture Pinocchio (Emotional) is installed at the Cincinnati Museum of Art in Cincinnati, USA.
The Nassau County Museum of Art in New York organizes the exhibition Sculpture/Jim Dine/Pinocchio.

Dine’s work is included in Give me five! at the Städel Museum in Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Alan Cristea Gallery in London presents the exhibitions Jim Dine: A History of Communism and Jim Dine: Printmaker.

A large exhibition of Dine’s prints opens at Museum Folkwang in Essen, Germany.
Participates in the exhibition Apparitions: Frottages and Rubbings at The Menil Collection in Houston, Texas, USA.
The Brattleboro Museum &amp; Art Center in Brattleboro, Vermont, USA, holds an exhibition of Dine’s work titled Jim Dine: People, Places, Things.
To celebrate Dine’s 80th birthday, Galerie Templon in Paris hosts an exhibition dedicated to the American artist.

The Albertina Museum in Vienna organizes the exhibition Jim Dine. I Never Look Away.
The Antikenmuseum Basel hosts Dine’s installation Muscle and Salt.
Dine’s work forms part of Thom Browne Selects, an exhibition at Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum in New York.

Jim Dine: House of Words. The Muse and Seven Black Paintings is shown at the Accademia di San Luca in Rome.
Gray Warehouse and Richard Gray Gallery, both in New York, organize exhibitions by the American artist.

The Centre Pompidou in Paris is home to a large exhibition that later travels to the Multimedia Art Museum in Moscow.

Solo exhibitions held in Germany, the United States, and Spain: Jim Dine. I Never Look Away, at the Versicherungskammer Kulturstiftung in Munich; Jim Dine: Pinocchio, Geppetto, and Other Personal Metaphors, at the Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Museum of Art in Indiana; and Jim Dine, at the Centre Pompidou Málaga.

Solo exhibitions in Jerusalem and Rome: Jim Dine: Self-Portrait (Israel Museum) and Jim Dine (Palazzo delle Esposizioni).

Installs his ceramic ceiling Faire danser le plafond at Fondation GGL-HELENIS in Montpellier, France. An exhibition of his work is organized to mark the occasion.
Jim Dine. American Icon opens at the Snite Museum of Art on the University of Notre Dame campus in Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
The Jim Dine Pavillion opens at Kunsthaus Göttingen in Germany.

First exhibition of recent large-scale drawings: Jim Dine: The Secret Drawings at Rosenwald-Wolf Gallery, University of the Arts, Philadelphia, USA.

Stardust House pavilion inaugurated in Göttingen, Germany, and Electrolyte in Blue / Seeing Thru the Stardust, the Heat on the Lawn [Claude] in the same city.
Storm of Memory, held at the Kunsthaus, celebrates Jim Dine’s 25-year ongoing residency in Göttingen.
More exhibitions in the United States: Three Ships, at Templon, New York, and Jim Dine: Last Year’s Forgotten Harvest, at the Bowdoin College Museum of Art, Brunswick, Maine.

Jim Dine – Dog on the Forge held at the Palazzo Rocca Contarini Corfù, in the context of the 60th Venice Biennale.

Dine, Jim

Three Red Spanish Venuses

Jim Dine’s biography and works on display at the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

Biografía y obras: Dine, Jim | Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

Esther Ferrer

Esther Ferrer was born in Donostia-San Sebastián in 1937.

Together with José Antonio Sistiaga, she established the Taller de Libre Expresión (Free Expression Workshop) in San Sebastián, and later on the Escuela Experimental (Experimental School) in Elorrio.

She joined the Zaj Group (formed in 1964 by Ramón Barce, Juan Hidalgo, and Walter Marchetti) and she carried out different actions, both individually and as a member of Zaj, until it dissolved in 1996.

In the early 1970s, she moved to Paris.

Esther Ferrer holds a degree in Social Sciences and Journalism. In 1975, she published her first articles about the contemporary cultural and social milieu in newspapers and magazines such as El País, Ere, Lápiz, El Globo, and Jano.
Then she resumed her career as a visual artist in the fields of photography, installation art, painting and drawing (based on prime numbers), and the making of objects.

She represented Spain in the Venice Biennale.

Her remarkable career earned her recognition in the form of the National Plastic Arts Award. Considered one of the pioneers of performance art in Spain, she has exhibited her work in a great number of countries and has been hugely influential among younger artists.

She has received many awards in the past years, including the Gure Artea Award of the Basque Government in 2012, and the MAV-Mujeres en las Artes Visuales (Women in Visual Arts) award, the Velázquez Award in Plastic Arts and the Prix Marie Claire de l’art contemporain in 2014.

Ferrer, Esther

In 1963, Esther Ferrer, together with José Antonio Sistiaga, established the Taller de Libre Expresión (Free Expression Workshop) in San Sebastián, and later the Escuela Experimental (Experimental School) in Elorrio.
In 1967, she joined the Zaj Group (formed in 1964 by Ramón Barce, Juan Hidalgo, and Walter Marchetti). Both individually and collectively, she took part in the group’s activities until it dissolved in 1996.

The Laughs of the World

Esther Ferrer’s biography and works on display at the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

Biografía y obras: Ferrer, Esther | Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

Helen Frankenthaler 

Helen Frankenthaler is born in New York City, the youngest daughter of Martha and Alfred Frankenthaler.

She graduates from Dalton School, where she was taught art by the renowned Mexican artist Rufino Tamayo.

She attends Bennington College in Vermont and studies painting with Paul Feeley.

Frankenthaler makes her first trip to Europe.

She graduates and returns to New York, where she has a studio. She pursued graduate courses at the Graduate School of Fine Arts at Columbia University, including a series with the American art historian Meyer Shapiro.

Frankenthaler begins a relationship with critic Clement Greenberg, who introduces her to New York School artists Elaine and Willem de Kooning, Lee Krasner, Barnett Newman, Jackson Pollock, and David Smith.
Adolph Gottlieb places her work in a group show at the Kootz Gallery, Fifteen Unknowns.
The Jackson Pollock exhibition held at Betty Parsons Gallery in New York will be crucial for her later artistic development.

Frankenthaler is the youngest out of seventy-two artists showing in the 9th Street Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture in New York City. She frequents Smith’s home and studio in Bolton Landing, New York, and acquires his work Portrait of the Eagle’s Keeper (1948–49). She has her first solo show at the Tibor de Nagy Gallery, New York.

In October, she paints Mountains and Sea, her first work using the “soak-stain” technique.

Frankenthaler’s second solo show includes Mountains and Sea. Greenberg shows the painting to Morris Louis and Kenneth Noland; both begin experimenting with the soak-stain technique. She spends the summer traveling in Spain and southern France.

n the summer, Frankenthaler and Greenberg visit Madrid, then Italy. They visit Peggy Guggenheim in Venice and see the 27th Biennale, where Smith is one of the artists representing the United States.

Frankenthaler’s Trojan Gates (1955) is acquired by the Museum of Modern Art in New York.

In December, Frankenthaler&#8217;s work is included in a group exhibition at Leo Castelli Gallery. She and Robert Motherwell attend the opening together.

Motherwell and Frankenthaler wed on 6 April and honeymoon in Spain and France. They rent a villa in Saint-Jean-de-Luz and set up separate studios.

Frankenthaler starts teaching fine arts at Hunter College (CUNY) in New York through 1961. She begins showing her work at the André Emmerich Gallery. She and Motherwell rent a house in Falmouth, Massachusetts, for the summer. Their guests include David Smith and Mark Rothko.
Anthony Caro travels to the US for the first time and meets Frankenthaler, Motherwell, and Smith.
She participates in the V São Paulo Biennial, in documenta II in Kassel, and wins the First Prize in painting at the Première Biennale de Paris.

Frankenthaler’s first retrospective, curated by poet Frank O’Hara, opens at the Jewish Museum, New York.
In the summer, Frankenthaler and Motherwell travel to Paris and then to Alassio, where they set up studios.

She begins making prints at Universal Limited Art Editions (ULAE) on Long Island, New York. Frankenthaler and Motherwell summer in Provincetown, Massachusetts, and establish studios. They spend most summers during the ’60s there.
She participates in the group exhibition American Abstract Expressionists and Imagists at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York.

She begins experimenting with acrylic paints. The Galleria dell&#8217;Ariete in Milan presents her first solo exhibition in Italy.

She visits Anne Truitt’s first solo show at the André Emmerich Gallery. Shortly after, the artists begin a correspondence that will last decades.

Frankenthaler is included in the Post-Painterly Abstraction group exhibition curated by Greenberg at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.

She teaches fine arts at the School of Fine Arts at the University of Pennsylvania. Smith dies in a car crash in May. Frankenthaler writes, “We’ll never recover from the shock of losing him. We miss him terribly.”

She begins teaching fine arts at the School of Art and Architecture at Yale University, New Haven. Frankenthaler, Ellsworth Kelly, Roy Lichtenstein, and Jules Olitski are chosen for the US Pavilion at the 33rd Venice Biennale. Caro is one of the British Pavilion’s five artists.

Frankenthaler’s paintings retrospective opens at the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, before traveling to the Whitechapel Gallery, London, the Orangerie Herrenhausen in Hanover, and Kongresshalle Berlin.
Frankenthaler is the only woman included in New York Painting and Sculpture: 1940–1970 at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

Frankenthaler moves her studio to East 83rd Street in New York City.

Frankenthaler and Motherwell divorce in the summer of 1971. Frankenthaler continues to live at East 94th Street.

Barbara Rose’s monograph of Frankenthaler’s paintings is published. She produces ten sculptures at Caro’s London studio, some using materials from Smith’s Bolton Landing that Caro acquired.

She teaches a seminar at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York and travels to Rome to work in a printmaking workshop. She produces her first woodcut, East and Beyond, at ULAE. She also completes a commission for a ceramic tile mural installed at the North Central Bronx Hospital in New York in 1974.

She is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. She receives the Creative Artist Laureate Award from the American Jewish Congress.
She summers at Ocean Drive West, Shippan Point, Stamford, Connecticut, overlooking Long Island Sound, and establishes a studio.

An exhibition of ceramic tiles titled, Helen Frankenthaler: Tiles. which Frankenthaler made at Bennington Potters in 1973 opens at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York.
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The American director, Perry Miller Adato, dedicates the documentary Frankenthaler: Toward a New Climate to the artist. After spending her last summers in Shippan Point, Stamford, Connecticut, she buys a house and establishes her second place of work there. She lives and works between New York and Shippan Point.

She participates in the group exhibition The New York School: Four Decades at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York.

Frankenthaler designs sets and costumes for Michael Corder’s ballet Number Three.

She is appointed a member of the National Council on the Arts of the National Endowment for the Arts. Frankenthaler: Works on Paper 1949–1984 opens at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York and travels throughout the US and Canada. The Royal Ballet premieres the work Number Three at the Royal Opera House in London.

She is awarded the New York City Mayor’s Award of Honor for Arts and Culture. She teaches at the Santa Fe Institute of Fine Arts, New Mexico.

She visits Barcelona and works at the printmaking workshop of Ediciones Polígrafa, where she produces a series of monotypes.

She completes Gateway with Tyler Graphics Ltd., a three-panel screen made with prints and bronze panels cast at the Tallix Foundry, Beacon, New York.

Helen Frankenthaler: A Paintings Retrospective opens at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and travels to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Detroit Institute of Arts, and the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, Texas. The monograph of the artist by John Elderfield, Frankenthaler, is published.

She begins a summer teaching residency at the Santa Fe Institute of Fine Arts in New Mexico. She serves as Vice-Chancellor of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

She leaves her New York studio after 21 years. Her new studio on Saddle Rock Road at Shippan Point becomes her primary painting space. She teaches for a third summer at the Santa Fe Institute of Fine Arts.

She is appointed to the Advisory Committee to the Board of the Santa Fe Institute of Fine Arts, New Mexico. She begins to show her work with Knoedler &amp; Company, New York. She meets businessman Stephen M. DuBrul in July.

Frankenthaler&#8217;s retrospective of prints opens at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, and travels in the US and to Japan.

She receives the Distinguished Artist Award for Lifetime Achievement from the College Art Association of New York. She marries DuBrul.

Her work is included in the group exhibition Abstraction in the Twentieth Century: Total Risk, Freedom, Discipline at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York. Frankenthaler: A Catalogue Raisonné, Prints 1961–1994 by Pegram Harrison is published.

Frankenthaler leaves her residence and studio in Shippan Point and moves to Darien, Connecticut.
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After Mountains and Sea: Frankenthaler 1956–1959 opens at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, and travels to the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao and Deutsche Guggenheim, Berlin. Frankenthaler and DuBrul depart from East 94th Street, moving home and her studio to Darien, Connecticut.

She is awarded the United States National Medal of the Arts. She is elected an Honorary Member of the Royal Scottish Academy in Edinburgh and an Academician of the National Academy of Design.

Frankenthaler is awarded the Skowhegan Medal for Painting. She exhibits her paintings on paper at the Museum of Contemporary Art, North Miami, Florida, which later travels to the Royal Scottish Academy in Edinburgh. She participates in Four Originals: Cassatt, O’Keeffe, Nevelson, Frankenthaler at the Nassau County Museum of Art, Roslyn Harbor, New York.

She is awarded by the New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting, and Sculpture in celebration of its 40th anniversary.

Frankenthaler receives the Gold Medal of Honor from the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, on the occasion of its bicentennial. She is inducted into the Connecticut Women’s Hall of Fame and participates in The Shape of Color: Excursions in Color Field Art, 1950–2005 at the Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, Canada.

She receives the first of the Nelson A. Rockefeller Award in Art from Purchase College, State University of New York.

Frankenthaler is appointed Honorary Academician of the Royal Academy of Arts in London. She passes away at her home in Darien at the age of 83.

Frankenthaler, Helen

Santorini

Requiem

Helen Frankenthaler’s biography and works on display at the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

Biografía y obras: Frankenthaler, Helen | Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

Iñaki Garmendia

1972 Born on October 9 in Ordizia, Gipuzkoa (Basque Country).

Begins studying for a Fine Arts degree at the University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea.

Receives an Erasmus grant to study at the Faculty of Art, Media &amp; Design of the University of the West of England, Bristol. Participates in the exhibitions École d&#8217;art in Bordeaux and Ezkatoz Parisitik at the AEK in Bilbao.

Graduates with a Fine Arts degree from the University of the Basque Country, with a major in Sculpture.

Has a solo show, Iñaki Garmendia, at Barrena Kultur Etxea in Ordizia.

Participates in the &#8220;Ángel Bados-Txomin Badiola Workshop&#8221; held at Arteleku in Donostia-San Sebastián (Basque Country). Completes a multimedia and digital image course at Kingsway College, London.

Receives a grant from the Provincial Council of Gipuzkoa. His solo exhibition Me voy a ir, me voy, estoy ido, organized by Donostiako Arte Ekinbideak (D.A.E.) opens at the Casa de Cultura Egia in Donostia-San Sebastián.

Receives an audiovisual production grant from the Basque Government. Participates in Superkongresua, encuentro entre creadores artísticos, an encounter of artists organized by the D.A.E. at the Casa de Cultura Egia in Donostia-San Sebastián, and in Rock Radical Vasco, a competition for new artists at Koldo Mitxelena Kulturunea in Donostia-San Sebastián.

His video Goierri konpeti, created in collaboration with Asier Mendizabal, premieres at Sala Kutxa in Donostia-San Sebastián. Participates in the Taipei Biennial, the group show Organisational Forms at Skuc Galerija in Ljubljana, Slovenia, and the video festival Intervenciones TV: Festival de vídeo in Vitoria-Gasteiz (Basque Country).

Kolpez kolpe opens at Galería T4 in Barcelona. His work is featured in the exhibitions Cine y casi cine at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía in Madrid, and Després de la noticia at the Centre de Cultura Contemporània (CCCB) in Barcelona.

Wins first prize in the 2004 Gure Artea competition, organized by the Basque Government, alongside Ibon Aranberri and Azucena Vieites. Participates in the International Studio &amp; Curatorial Program (I.S.C.P.) in New York, thanks to a grant from the Youth Institute of the Spanish Ministry of Equality (INJUVE). Is awarded a residency in the International Studio Programme at Künstlerhaus Bethanien in Berlin. His work is included in the group exhibition Glocal at Galería Moisés Pérez de Albéniz in Pamplona (Navarre). Participates in the 6th Yugoslav Biennial of Young Artists, held in Vrsac and Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, and in Manifesta 5, the European Biennial of Contemporary Art, in Donostia-San Sebastián.

His work is included in the show Gure Artea: Iñaki Garmendia, Ibon Aranberri, Azucena Vieites, in the Sala Norte of Artium, Basque Museum-Center of Contemporary Art in Vitoria-Gasteiz.

His book Only Kids Love Other Kids is published. Presents Red Light/ Straight Edge + Izarra at the Frankfurter Kunstverein in Frankfurt.

Receives the Visual Arts Grant from Fundación Marcelino Botín in Santander (Cantabria). His work is featured in the group shows 1, 2, 3… Vanguardias. El arte como arte contextual, in the Sala Rekalde in Bilbao; Imágenes del otro lado, in the Sala San Antonio Abad at the Centro Atlántico de Arte Moderno, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Canary Islands); and Intensities. Inconformisme, incorrecció i rebel·lió entre art i escena musical, which toured extensively in Catalonia, showing at El Prat de Llobregat, Mataró, Sabadell, Ripollet, Terrassa, Caldes de Montbui, Caldes d&#8217;Estrac, Vilafranca del Penedès, and Sant Boi de Llobregat.

The show No R.S. opens at Galería Moisés Pérez de Albéniz in Pamplona. Presents No R.S. (99 Red Love Balloons) at Underdox 3: Document und Experiment Festival in Munich, Germany. Participates in the Postproduction program at ARTIS Den Bosch in Den Bosch, the Netherlands.

Presents his video Blow After Blow (Kolpez kolpe) as part of the EXPANDED BOX program organized in connection with the ARCO Art Fair in Madrid. The Museo San Telmo in Donostia-San Sebastián acquires the work for its collection. He exhibits in the collective show Itinerarios 2007/08 at the Fundación Marcelino Botín exhibition hall in Santander, Cantabria.

Obtains the Hangar-Contemporary Image Collective (CIC) artist exchange residency in Cairo, Egypt. Exhibits Blow After Blow at the Centre de Documentació del Centre d&#8217;Art La Panera in Lleida (Catalonia). His work appears in the exhibitions The Shadow of Speech: MACBA Collection at the National Museum of Contemporary Art of Korea in Seoul, and Art Contemporain et Culture Rock at Le Carrée/ Musée Bonnat in Bayonne, France.

Presents a one-man show at La Virreina Centre de la Imatge in Barcelona and participates in the group exhibition 1979. Un monument a instants radicals at the same center. Presents the sculpture Untitled (Six Peaks) [Sin título (seis picos)] in the Galería Moisés Pérez de Albéniz stand at the ARCO Art Fair in Madrid. Artium in Vitoria-Gasteiz acquires the piece and exhibits it for the first time in 2012 as part of the show entitled Montajes de Atracciones (Tirar del hilo. Colección Artium).

His work is included in the group shows Materiality, at the Wyspa Art Foundation in Gdansk, Poland, and Gravity &amp; Disgrace II, at the Centro Galego de Arte Contemporánea (CGAC) in Santiago de Compostela (Galicia).

The show Police/car opens at Galería Moisés Pérez de Albéniz in Madrid. The Museu d&#8217;Art Contemporani de Barcelona (MACBA) acquires his video Untitled Orbea (Orduña) [S/T Orbea (Orduña)] and presents it in the exhibition La Colección. His work is included in the group show Constelación Europa at the Museo San Telmo in Donostia-San Sebastián. Exhibition at the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao with Erlea Maneros Zabala and Xabier Salaberria.

Participates as a speaker in the program 03/04: The escaped paradise, held in Tabakalera in Donostia/San Sebastián.

Goierri Konpeti is shown at Tabakalera in Donostia/San Sebastián. 
His work is part of Punk. Its Traces in Contemporary Art, an exhibition organized by the Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona (MACBA), Spain.

Bestea naiz. El otro soy yo. Migraciones políticas y poéticas can be viewed at Koldo Mitxelena Kulturunea in Donostia/San Sebastián.
Takes part in the group exhibition After ’68. Art and Artistic Practices in the Basque Country. 1968-2018, at the Bilbao Fine Arts Museum, Spain.

His work is included in Zeru bat, hamaika bide: prácticas artísticas en el País Vasco entre 1997 y 2002, held at ARTIUM-Museum of Contemporary Art in the Basque Country, in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.

His work is chosen for That Time, a group exhibition at Tabakalera International Center for Contemporary Culture in Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain, organized with the Bilbao Fine Arts Museum.
Participates in the 4th International Architecture Biennale of the Basque Country.

As in previous years, participates in Artea oinez, the annual contemporary art exhibition staged at Palacio del Condestable in Pamplona, Spain.

Garmendia, Iñaki

Ikaraundi-EQDALOS (Head Kneeling Against the Wall)

Iñaki Garmendia’s biography and works on display at the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

Biografía y obras: Garmendia, Iñaki | Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

Gilbert & George

George Passmore and Gilbert Proesch meet at Saint Martin&#8217;s School of Art in London, which they both entered interested in some professors, such as Anthony Caro and Philip King. George has previously studied at the Dartington Hall Adult Education Centre, Dartington College of Arts, and Oxford School of Art.
Gilbert has studied at the Kunstschule Wolkenstein, Germany; Kunstschule Hallein, Austria; and Akademie der Bildenden Künste, Munich

Present the exhibitions Christmas Show, at Robert Fraser Gallery in London, and Three Works/Three Works, at Frank&#8217;s Sandwich Bar in London.Move to a house in Spitalfields, a working-class neighborhood in London. They call the house “Art for All” and declare themselves “living sculptures.”

Stage the performance Reading from a Stick at the Geffrye Museum in London. Excluded from the Conceptual art exhibition When Attitude Becomes Format the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London, but stage one of their “living sculptures” during the opening.
The Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam presents an exhibition of their work.

Konrad Fischer Galerie in Düsseldorf shows their work.

Create their first photo-pieces.
Exhibit the series The Paintings at the Whitechapel Art Gallery in London and the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam.

Take part in Documenta 5 in Kassel, Germany.
The Paintings are exhibited at the Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten in Antwerp. Exhibit at Anthony d&#8217;Offay Gallery in London.

Begin to feature the color red in their photo-pieces, first using it in the Cherry Blossom series. In the early 1980s, they will begin to include other colors, such as green and yellow.
Begin to feature the color red in their photo-pieces, first using it in the Cherry Blossom series. In the early 1980s, they will begin to include other colors, such as green and yellow.

Exhibit at the Art Agency in Tokyo.

Participate in Documenta 6 in Kassel, Germany.

Participate in the XXXVIII Biennale di Venezia.

The Stedelijk Van Abbemuseum in Eindhoven, the Netherlands, organizes a retrospective of their work. The exhibition later travels to the Kunsthalle Düsseldorf; Kunsthalle Bern; Musée National d&#8217;Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris; and Whitechapel Art Gallery in London.

Participate in the XVI Bienal de São Paulo.

Participate in Documenta 7 in Kassel, Germany.

The Baltimore Museum of Art presents an exhibition of their work that later travels to other museums in the United States, including the Milwaukee Art Museum and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York.
Nominated for the inaugural Turner Prize. Participate in the Fifth Biennale of Sydney.

Win the Turner Prize.
A retrospective exhibition opens at CAPC, Musée d&#8217;Art Contemporain de Bordeaux and later travels to the Kunsthalle Basel, Palais des Beaux-Arts in Brussels, Palacio de Velázquez in Madrid, Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus in Munich, and Hayward Gallery in London.

Organize a show at Anthony d&#8217;Offay Gallery in London for CRUSAID, an organization dedicated to helping people affected by HIV and AIDS.
Create the Cosmological Pictures series, which is displayed at the Sonnabend Gallery in New York. The New Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow presents an exhibition of their work.
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The exhibition Cosmological Pictures opens at the Palac Sztuki in Kraków and travels over the next two years to several European cities, including Rome, Vienna, Budapest, Dublin, Liverpool, and Barcelona, ending at the Württembergischer Kunstverein Stuttgart.

Gilbert &amp; George: New Democratic Pictures is displayed at the Aarhus Kunstmuseum in Aarhus, Denmark.

Their work is shown at the National Art Gallery in Beijing and the Art Museum in Shanghai.

The Museo d&#8217;Arte Moderna in Lugano, Switzerland, presents an exhibition of their work.

The exhibition Singing Sculpture is shown at CAPC, Musée d&#8217;Art Contemporain de Bordeaux.

The Galleria d&#8217;Arte Moderna in Bologna and the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam mount exhibitions of their work.

Exhibitions are presented at the Musée d&#8217;Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris and the Sezon Museum of Art in Tokyo.

The Astrup Fearnley Museet for Moderne Kunst in Oslo holds a retrospective of their work.

The Museum Moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig Wien in Vienna shows their work.

The Centro Cultural de Belém in Lisbon mounts a solo show.

Represent Great Britain at the 51st Biennale di Venezia.

Participate in the XII Biennale Internazionale di Scultura di Carrara in Carrara, Italy, and in group exhibitions at the Museum of Modern Art in New York and Kunst- Werke Berlin.SONOFAGOD PICTURES: Was Jesus Heterosexual?, an exhibition of the artists&#8217; work, is presented at White Cube in London.

Tate Modern in London holds an extensive retrospective of their work, Gilbert &amp; George: Major Exhibition, which later travels to other museums in Europe and the United States, concluding at the Brooklyn Museum in New York in January 2009.

Gilbert &amp; George&#8217;s work is featured in the exhibition History in the Making: A Retrospective of the Turner Prize at the Mori Art Museum in Tokyo.

Their work is included in the group exhibition The Fallen Angels II at the Watari Museum of Contemporary Art in Tokyo.

The retrospective exhibition opened in 2007 at the Tate Modern in London travels to the Centro de Arte Contemporáneo in Málaga, Spain; to the Museum of Contemporary Art in Zagreb, Croatia; and to the Palais des Beaux-Arts/Paleis voor Schone Kunsten in Brussels. Their work is also shown at the DOX &#8211; Centre for Contemporary Art, Prague, and Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, Netherlands.

The White Cube gallery in London inaugurates the exhibition Gilbert &amp; George: The Urethra Postcard Art of Gilbert &amp; George, which later travels to the ARNDT in Berlin. The Deichtorhallen Hamburg in Hamburg, Germany, and the Robert Miller Gallery in New York host an exhibition each of the their works. Publish The Complete Postcard Art of Gilbert &amp; George, with an essay by Michael Bracewell.
Gilbert &amp; George receive the Lifetime Achievement Award from the New Museum in New York.

The exhibition London Pictures is on at Galerie Thaddaeus Ropac in Paris, White Cube in London, Arndt in Berlin, Bernier/Eliades in Athens, Lehmann Maupin in New York, and Galerie Baronian-Francey in Brussels.

The exhibition London Pictures travels to Casal Solleric in Palma de Mallorca and the MKM Museum Küppersmühle in Duisburg, Germany.

Gilbert &amp; George: Scapegoat Pictures is on at Galerie Thaddaeus Ropac in Paris and White Cube in London.
The Lehman Maupin gallery in New York stages a show of Gilbert &amp; George’s video sculptures.
The Nouveau Musée National de Monaco organizes a large exhibition titled Gilbert &amp; George Art Exhibition.
Gilbert &amp; George: Artist Rooms opens at the Royal Albert Memorial Museum &amp; Art Gallery in Exeter, UK.

Gilbert &amp; George: The Early Years opens at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York.
London-based gallery White Cube Bermondsey and Arndt in Singapore present exhibits by Gilbert &amp; George.
The Museum of Old and New Art (MONA) organizes the artists’ first retrospective show in Tasmania.

Galerie Thaddaeus Ropac in Paris and Galerie Thaddaeus Ropac in London open exhibitions with recent works and video sculptures by the artists.
Gilbert &amp; George: Scapegoating Pictures for Budapest can be seen at the Ludwig Múzeum in Budapest.

Gilbert &amp; George: THE GREAT EXHIBITION (1971–2016) opens at Luma Arles, France. The exhibition later travels to the Moderna Museet in Stockholm, the Astrup Fearnley Museet in Oslo, and the Reykjavik Art Museum.
Gilbert &amp; George: SCAPEGOATING PICTURES for Belfast is presented at the Metropolitan Arts Centre (MAC) in Belfast.

Artists

D

Jim Dine

F

Esther Ferrer

Helen Frankenthaler

G

Iñaki Garmendia

Gilbert & George

Liam Gillick

H

Mona Hatoum

Holzer, Jenny

I

Cristina Iglesias

Prudencio Irazabal

Pello Irazu

J

Koldobika Jauregi

Martha Jungwirth

K

Anish Kapoor

Alex Katz

Ellsworth Kelly

Anselm Kiefer

Yves Klein

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